King Lear Final Paper Essay

1. The theme of this play is the relationship between parents and children. Show how Shakespeare handled this. As how Shakespeare portrayed the parent-child relationship, he diverted it in aspects of how their ruler, King Lear, was mistreated by his own children after his authority had been stripped from him. King Lear, as what took place in the play, divided his land among his three children depending on how they would be able to please him. As was not predicted by the king himself, his most beloved daughter wanted to answer him fairly for the reason that she did not want to inherit a part of his kingdom unjustly. On the other hand, the two remaining daughters of his only wanted his land, and therefore flooded the king’s ears with lies. The two villainous daughters of the king represent the children who mistreat their parents when they are not of any use to them anymore. So the ungrateful children banish their father to fend for his own while they yearn for more power. Furthe rmore, the youngest daughter of the king said the truth to her father, although it would hurt him, for the reasons that she respected her father enough to tell him the painful truth. In modern times, people call it â€Å"tough love†. Her honesty did get her banished from the land, but it is evident in the play that the daughter did not love him less for his foolishness and bitter actions afterwards. 2. Discuss the importance of the storm scenes.  The storm in the play represented the lowest points of King Lear’s life. When the king was mistreated by his two daughters, Goneril and Reagan, and shun by them, he was left out in the storm without shelter along with his fool. This scene in the play also represented his vulnerability because he had no one to run to. Luckily, Kent found him and took him in. He was willing to be taken in and cared for by his servant, since he had no power to say that he still had authority over Kent. Furthermore, the storm also represented his current state of mind and his emotions. Since he had lost all of what was his before, his mind was starting to become cloudy and his feelings were out of control. 3. Do you agree that Lear was â€Å"more sinned against than sinning†? Yes I agree that King Lear had paid more than enough for the sin he had committed against his daughter. The king only banished his most loving daughter, while he, himself, was banished by his two other ungrateful  daughters. I had once stumbled across a quote that said, â€Å"Karma hits twice as hard as the initial blow.† This is exactly what happened to the king. For the price of banishing his youngest daughter, the deed was returned twice the initial blow because it was done to him by his two elder daughters, Goneril and Reagan. 4. â€Å"This is not altogether fool, my lord.† Discuss the function of the fool in the light of the remark. This statement was released by Kent in Act 1, Scene 4, as to support what the fool was pointing out during his conversation with the king. The fool was the only one who’s criticism the king would listen to. In this conversation, the fool is trying to put some sense into the king’s head that he had turned away from everything that should have mattered to him the most, which was his beloved daughter, Cordelia, and the land he once ruled. Those decisions led him to lose the title of being a father and a ruler, which left him with a single title of which is only owned by a fool. As a result, this only made the king a bigger fool than the fool himself because at least the fool knew better than the king. 5. The language of poetry is a metaphor. Do you agree? Cite examples from King Lear. Yes, I agree that poetry is made up of metaphors as a form of expression. The use of exaggeration in a text gives emphasis, entertainment, and imagination, to the readers. Shakespeare used the metaphoric figure of speech throughout this particular work of his. One instance would be when the king described his two daughters as pelicans in the line, â€Å"’Twas this flesh begot. Those pelican daughters.†(Shakespeare, 141). This line signifies that the king described his daughters as animals, which is vile and cruel. Another example in the play was when the king compared himself as to how a dragon would rage seen in the line, â€Å"Come not between the dragon and his wrath.† (Shakespeare, 15). This sends the message to Kent that he should not enrage the monster that he already was any further.

Introductory Awareness of Autistic Spectrum Conditions Essay

Complete write up re Autistic spectrum conditions. Include in this the difficulties that those with these conditions have and the behaviour they may exhibit. How do you support those with Autism, who else may be involved and how do you ensure effective communication with autistic people. Give actual exampls of your support where possible. Introductory awareness of autistic spectrum conditions. Autism is a developmental disability caused by neurological dysfunction. It affects the way a person understands and responds to the world, how they hear, see, feel, sense, perceive and interpret everything around them. This may affect how they eat, sleep, dress, work, spend leisure time etc. They are likely to have repetitive behaviour patterns and restricted repetitive interests. Individuals with an autistic spectrum condition can have difficulties with language and communicating with others and with social interactions and relationships because there is an impairment of 2 way verbal and non verbal communication and impairment of flexible thinking and social imagination. People with autism can often have accompanying learning difficulties but everyone with the condition shares a difficulty in making sense of the world. Inflexibility and restrictiveness in activities and interests can lead to a person on the autistic spectrum having difficulty relating to others and making friends, an inability to engage in imaginary play, it can lead to ritualistic behaviours , obsessions and fears. It is important to identify the person’s strengths and weaknesses, to use their strengths and interest and use positive approaches. It may be helpful to use social stories to facilitate social skills and to be structured, consistent and calm. It is important to recognise that each individual on the autistic spectrum has their own individual abilities, needs, strengths, preferences and interests so that a person centered shared means of communication can be identified. Autism is considered to be a spectrum because individuals differ in the expression and severity of their symptoms although underlying similarities are present such as concrete thinking, difficulty generalising, excessive anxiety and strong impluses and maybe difficulty with motor planning, organisation and sequencing. There is  generally some impairment of social interaction and of imagination. People on the Autistic spectrum can differ hugely in their abilities from being exceptionally intelligent, far above t he norm to having severely impaired intellect, this is why it is called a spectrum. Other conditions which may be association with ASD are Asperger’s Syndrome and Learning Difficulties. Many individuals with an autistic spectrum condition experience sensory difficulties so they may have a heightened sensory awareness so are not able to function in the same way as someone without the condition. Sensory overload is a common complaint of people with ASD and can lead to an inability to function if the noise is too loud or the light is too bright etc. Behavioural characteristics associated with autistic spectrum conditions are inappropriate eye contact, repetitive movement, stiffened motor control and literal interpretation. Individuals may exhibit such behaviours because they feel ‘safe’ when carrying out the repetitive movement and have a lack of social awareness so make inappropriate eye contact and may be very stiff in themselves because they lack a means of expressing themselves comfortably. They may also become highly stressed if routine is disrupted or sense are overloaded. If an individual is highly anxious or stressed it would be good to be able to find the stressor such as the noise being too loud or the light too bright and turn it off, it can help communication to mirror the person’s behaviour so if they are rocking, to do the same as a way of entering into communication with them, this can reduce their stress. Knowing the individual is the best way, using a person centered approach so that the response to calming them down is individual to their needs, I work with people with autism and after a while have noticed their triggers and how to calm them down such as taking them out for a walk and making sure that they have space to be on their own. Sometimes it is difficult to find a trigger for a display of anxiety and communication difficulties mean that the person is unable to say what is upsetting them so it is really important to notice what is going on ar ound and what may have changed in the environment that has upset them. It is also important to have in place structures and routines that match the individual’s wishes and needs as routine is highly important for most people with ASD, they need structure and to know what is happening next. It prevents anxiety and stress. The support network for an individual with ASD includes informal  support such as family and friends and the formal support network including carers, psychologists, ASD specialist, Advocates and Speech and Language therapists. It is important to involve families, parents and carers in supporting the individual in a person-centered way because everybody has different needs, wishes and abilities and just because someone is labelled as being on the autistic spectrum the support they require will differ immensely. Support should be consistent with routines adhered to and person-centered approach being taken. This can be achieved through asking myself continuously, what does this person need and want and how best can I support them to be well and happy. Using this approach and communicating with others about what the person’s stressors are and what they need helps to give the best support possible to the person. In order to contribute towards the learning of an individual with an autistic spectrum condition it is important to let them experience new things but try to avoid stressors as much as possible. Communication is a big part of learning and it helps when I use short direct sentences, simplify the task/ routine and break it down into small steps, talk quietly and calmly being aware of how I use my voice, give clear instructions saying exactly what is required and avoiding overload. It is important to try to gain the person’s attention first. It is important to be aware of the impact of my own verbal and non-verbal communication on an individual with an autistic spectrum condition because they may respond anxiously to certain things such as a loud voice or too much eye contact or standing too close so it is importa nt to notice what is going on both verbally and non verbally. The environment can affect communication for example if there is a lot of noise in the room the person may not be able to filter out that noise so it will be impossible to expect to get their attention or if they cannot concentrate because the light is too bright but they cannot say so. So it is important to try to identify these things in the environment to aid communication. In order to reduce barriers to communication with an individual it is important to notice anything with may be a stressor and to use a person-centered approach that is unique to that individual, it is important to make the person feel as safe and comfortable as possible so communication can be as good as possible. If the person cannot speak shared communication such as imitation or doing something with the person may help as this is a form of  communication too. I worked with an individual with autism and she enjoyed playing the piano and communicated non verbally that she wanted me to play the piano with her. Communicating through a shared interest can be very rewarding for both people. Visual communication aids are also important, they can be used to show the person’s daily routine and can be used by the individual to show whether they like or dislike something and can be used to indicate when an activity if going to change or end. It can relieve a lot of stress to the individual if they know what their routine is and what’s going to happen next. There are many people who could provide advice about effective communication with an individual and these can be both formal and informal supporters such as family and friends, support workers, speech therapists, psychologists and anyone who knows the individual and can provide insight into their likes, dislikes and the way they prefer to communicate.

Contract Negotiations in Business Law Case Study

Contract Negotiations in Business Law - Case Study Example The second error that is challenged by the insurance company is the circuit court's judgment affirming the defenses lodged by Jones and Lee-Curtis. The second assignment of error is dispositive. The dispute actually rests on the query as to whether Augusta Mutual's adjusted third-party motion for judgment affirmed unjust claims for fraud in the inducement and/or breach of fiduciary duty. It may also be that as Jones and Lee-Curtis challenge, which the insurance company tried to change what was in fact a breach of contract claim into actionable tort claims. The principles guiding the trial court's review is based on a judgment sustaining demurrers are well established. "The purpose of a demurrer is to determine whether a motion for judgment states a cause of action upon which the requested relief may be granted." Tronfeld v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., 272 Va. 709, 712, 636 S.E.2d 447, 449 (2006) (citing Welding, Inc. v. Bland County Serv. Auth., 261 Va. 218, 226, 541 S.E.2d 909, 913 (2001)). "A demurrer tests the legal sufficiency of facts alleged in pleadings, not the strength of proof." Glazebrook v. Board of Supervisors, 266 Va. 550, 554, 587 S.E.2d 589, 591 (2003). Actually, in this case Jones when he signed the report he did it intentionally to get a commission for himself and Lee-Curtis and thus he misrepresented material

Anemia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Anemia - Essay Example There are numerous types of anemia, and each one is caused by different reason. The most common type is iron deficiency anaemia. This is caused when your body is deficient of iron which is necessary to keep the red blood cells functioning properly. Haemoglobin's key component is iron, which helps the red blood cells carry and store oxygen. If there is not enough iron present then the red blood cells will carry less oxygen to the different organs and tissues of the body1. Blood need to be monitored once in month after the patient is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. It is done to check whether the body is responding to the treatment, and some condition rarely may cause serious implications. After your iron level is back to normal the anemia has to be monitored at home. Only few symptoms of the illness are obvious in people who have iron deficiency anemia. The symptom's severity depends on how quickly the anemia develops. Most common symptoms are exhaustion, tiredness, shortness of breath (dyspnoea), and palpitations (irregular heart beat)2. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when the body is suffering from the iron insufficiency. The general physician can easily diagnose the iron deficiency anemia through a blood test. ... Lower reading indicates that you have anemia which also means that there is a deficiency of red blood cells.3 Other types of anemia can cause by a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate (folic acid salt) in the body. Vitamin B12 also helps the body to produce red blood cells, it keep the nervous system healthy. Folate which is a folic acid salt works with vitamin B12 which produce red blood cells and it is very important for women who are pregnant, which helps in the growth and development of the baby. Eggs, dairy products and meat contain vitamin B12. Folate best sources are green vegetables like broccoli, peas, chickpeas and brown rice. A vitamin B12 deficiency is not common younger people, but it is most common in those people who are over the age of 75. Folate deficiency is also most general in people above 75 years of age. An anaemic person follows strict vegetarian diets who tend to be more at risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 anemia has the following general symptoms, which can tell that whether the patient is suffering from it. These symptoms include: fatigue, breathlessness (dyspnoea), and dizziness, irregular heart beats (palpitations), headache and loss of hunger. Usually the body stores enough vitamin B12 that last approximately for 2-4 years. However, it is very important that level of vitamin B12 is maintained in your diet which will ensure that is store of the vitamin is kept at a healthy level4. Patients suffering form any type of anemia he should take antioxidants, Copper (if deficient), Folic acid, Iron (when iron deficiency is diagnosed), L-carnitine, Magnesium, Taurine (if deficient in

Zero pollution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Zero pollution - Research Paper Example In this technological world, there are many techniques that can be used to prevent pollutants from getting into the atmosphere (Nemerow, 1995). However, the big question remains whether this hi-tech technology can be used to ensure that there is zero pollution in the world. This paper sets out to determine how different industries prevent environmental pollution. I will also discuss the feasibility of zero pollution concepts in this paper. The question of whether the world can exist with a state of zero pollution is one that has elicited a lot of reaction from different quarters. Many people might say that the level of pollution has risen to unmanageable levels which implies that such a state is only imaginary. It is known, for example, that the United States of America is the world’s largest energy consumer, most of its energy being derived from sources that are considered to be dirty. Some of these sources include natural gas, coal, oil, and nuclear energy, all of which lead to environmental pollution in one way or another. A significant portion of the energy used worldwide ends up being wasted through leaky windows, inefficient equipment or in one way or another. This wasted energy may also contribute to the pollution of the global environment. Other people have, against all odds, noted that zero pollution is achievable albeit at a significant cost and with considerable effort. Different pollutants of the environments can pollute the air, soil or water. The industrial sector is one of the most notorious polluters of the environment. Most manufacturing, mining and utility industries normally emit toxic substances which end up choking the environment as noted by McKinney, Schoch and Yonavjak (2007). Pollution from different industries has led to global warming, which has in turn had a huge impact on climate change. However, different countries and organizations have been at the forefront

A MORE PERFECT UNION(speech by pres. OBAMA) Essay

A MORE PERFECT UNION(speech by pres. OBAMA) - Essay Example In classical and the 20th century, various authors such as Aristotle, Michael Foucault and Chaim Perelman wrote theories on rhetoric, which has been brought out in this speech. Obama’s speech echoes the rhetorical theories among them pathos, ethos and logos that are thoroughly argued out in Aristotle’s the writing. Through the use, of ethos, which Aristotle argues to be the aid a speaker’s credibility and character adds in influencing the audience; Obama did make use of his character and credibility as the former senator of Illinois to influence Americans to vote for him in his speech, a more perfect union. Similarly, President Obama strategically employs pathos, a rhetoric device that changes the perception of the audience through emotional appeal and storytelling. In his choice to use pathos, President Obama did not only win the support of the majority of the American population but also caught their attention on the need to disregard racism as a vice that tear s apart the United States. Lastly, the concept of logos also had a tremendous impact given its input in Obama’s presidential speech. This is the use of reason to make an argument and express an idea. Aristotle’s the rhetoric gives a detailed account of this device. In his presidential speech, a more perfect union, President Obama used the argument on the need of unity among American citizens irrespective of their ethnic backgrounds for the common good of the United States as a whole (blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2008/03/18/text-of-obamas-speech-a-more-perfect-union). The success of president Obama ion delivering such an effective was founded on the factual information that he included in it. The breakthrough in Ethos is also based on biological, social, spiritual and intellectual levels. In his presidential speech, president Obama achieves this by use of historical references as well as interpolating to

Financial Crisis in Asia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Financial Crisis in Asia - Term Paper Example   South Korea had a very strong economy but a high level of debt which existed in the economy was given very little attention. The borrowed funds by the South Korean economy were invested very wisely in assets so it made perfect sense and reassured the economic stability, but when the funds were invested in assets it also gave rise to various risks pertaining to the same. The short debts touched alarmingly high levels in the South Korean economy, â€Å"In 1992 short term debt constituted about one-third of its total borrowing, but by 1996 short term debt had risen to two-thirds of its total of $158 billion of foreign debt. South Korean firms were operating at a high degree of leverage. The typical leverage ratio for South Korean firms was in the neighborhood of six to one and some South Korean firms had leverage ratios of 600 to one.† The crisis in South Korea was triggered by the collapse of Thai Baht (currency of Thailand) in 1997. The currency had devalued due to stemming of reserve outflows by the central bank in order to ensure growth for money supply in the crisis period. The strategies adopted by the South Korean economies always left them prone to many dangers, a classic example of the same follows: The Korean First Bank got itself in a vulnerable position because of the hefty amount of loan issued to Hanbo group, with in no time the Hanbo group went bankrupt and its inability to pay the loan back to the Korean first bank resulted in the bankruptcy of Korean Bank.  

Science Integration is a better study Research Paper

Science Integration is a better study - Research Paper Example in making the students have a wider perspective of various fields of study, it is very cumbersome for those students who cannot effectively mentally cope with the variety of fields covered in the study (BermuÃŒ dez, 73). Some of the disciplinary perspectives include integrating science in politics, mathematics as well as economics. This makes it difficult for other students to understand some aspects of the course, thereby resulting to Demotivation of such students relevant to the study. Integration of sciences enable for flexibility in course selection relevant to the interests of the students (Slingerland and Mark, 65). In this manner, it is of crucial significance to note that the Integrated Sciences makes it possible for the students to establish their own individual course of study. In this manner, it is of critical importance to note that the integration of science as a study is critical in ensuring that students develop a wider scientific perspectives (BermuÃŒ dez, 38). This is very important in broadening their scope of understanding of the myriad of concepts covered in the study. This is important also in broadening the understanding between the links of science as well as society. In summary, Science Integration is a better study for students. It always focuses on molding students with the vast of knowledge that is necessary for application in various sectors within the society. Integration of sciences is critical in ensuring that the students appreciate the field of science. In addition, it ensures that students critically understand other fields of study involving the political realm, social as well as economic

Supply and Demand,Elasticity, Production and Cost,Competition, Case Study

Supply and Demand,Elasticity, Production and Cost,Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly, and Game Theory - Case Study Example This will make the suppliers hoard the goods in anticipation for higher prices hence decrease in supply. Consequently, customers will demand more and eventually lead to further increase in prices. c). total revenue = price *quantity. When P=$10, the total revenue is 10*500=$5000. When price increases to $20, total revenue is P*Q= 20*300=$6000. This shows that the increase in price by $10 increase total revenue by ($6000-$5000). This is an increase of $1000 revenue. 6.0 When the demand for labor is inelastic, the rate of unemployment increases. For example, if labor demanded is 300 and skilled workers are 600, 300 people will remain unemployed. As more people gains skills, demand does not change hence more people remain jobless. d) The optimal number of workers to be hired is five. Marginal cost of any additional worker should not exceed his/her marginal revenue. Hiring sixth person will cost more than the revenue he or she can generate. 10. For the business to continue its operation, it should be able to break even. At this point, total revenue (TR) = total cost (TC). However, at break even the business should be able to cover all its variable cost from the revenue. For 3 months, revenue is $4000, while variable cost is ($12000-$6000) = $6000. Therefore, it should close down since it is not able to generate enough revenue to cover fixed

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research Designs Essay Example for Free

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research Designs Essay The experimental research design is one of the most reliable quantitative designs available. Basically, it requires that the researcher conduct an actual experiment in order to prove the research hypothesis. Similar yet fundamentally different from the experimental design is the quasi-experimental design. his paper discusses the procedure in conducting an experimental design research and differentiates it from a quasi-experimental research design. Examples of each are given to facilitate further comparison and contrast. The first step in conducting an experimental research design is to identify the independent and dependent variables. According to Random House’s dictionary of statistical terminologies, â€Å"the dependent variable is the event studied and expected to change when the independent variable is changed. † (Random House, 2001, p. 534). In Butler and Lijinsky (2005) which is an example of experimental research, the independent variable was the type of rat while the dependent variable was the toxicity level. This meant that the research seeks to verify whether different types of rats would have different acute toxicity levels. After the identification of the independent and dependent variables, the next step is to randomly select a sample for the experiment. To randomly select a sample means to make sure that all of the members of the population have an equal chance of being selected (Corder Foreman, 2009). For example, when seeking to study a school population as is the case in of Stevens Slavin (1995), random sampling is conducted by placing all of the possible respondents in a list and selecting from that list randomly. In this way, each student has an equal opportunity to be selected for the study. Lastly, once the experiment is conducted, a secure atmosphere is generated wherein the effect of other factors are minimized (Mertens, 1998). Going back to Butler and Lijinsky (1995), the experiment was conducted in a secure atmosphere where the only variables were the type of rat and the toxins induced to them. All other factors such as the food they were given, the space of their cages and so on were kept the same for the different types of rat. In a quasi-experimental approach, an experiment is also conducted and dependent and independent variables are also selected. Measures to keep all other variables constant are also taken. However, the defining difference between the tow is that quasi-experimental designs do not conduct random sampling (Mertens, 1998). For example, the quasi-experimental research conducted by Dutton (1986) simply a sample from those that were available. This is not random sampling and therefore the design cannot be considered as experimental but it does fit the quasi-experimental description. In conclusion, it is clear that while experimental and quasi-experimental research designs are similar, they do have an essential difference. References Butler, A, and Lijinsky, W. (2005). â€Å"Acute toxicity of aflatoxin G1 to the rat† Journal of Pathology, 102 (4), 209-212. Corder, G. , Foreman, G. (2009). Nonparametric Statistics for Non-Statisticians: A Step-by-Step Approach. Wiley. Dutton, D. (1986). â€Å"The Outcome of Court-Mandated Treatment for Wife Assault: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation. † Violence and Victims, 1(3) 163-175 Mertens, D. (1998). Research methods in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative qualitative. Sage. Random House. (2001). Random House Websters Unabridged Dictionary. Random House, Inc. Stevens, R. , and Slavin, R. (1995). Effects of a Cooperative Learning Approach in Reading and Writing on Academically Handicapped and Nonhandicapped Students. The University of Chicago Press.

The Shareholder And Stakeholder Theory Management Essay

The Shareholder And Stakeholder Theory Management Essay Governance helps us do the right thing, the right way for our shareholders and our customers, employees, suppliers, local communities and the environment. Our governance is focused on how to get it right, not only in the board room but also across the businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Page 46) Statement 2 Our aim is to build a sustainable business through consistent, profitable growth and to make sure that our customers and wider stakeholders can always trust us to do the right thing. We aximizat that creating shareholder value is the reward for taking acceptable risks. (page 54) Required From a finance perspective the main objective of a firm is to aximiza shareholder wealth. However from the two statements above it appears that in reality companies dont just focus on shareholders. To what extent do you agree that shareholder wealth aximization should be a superior objective over stakeholder interest? Discuss your answer with relevant supporting literature. You may also back up your discussion with relevant real life examples from any where in the world. (40 marks) Answer: The issue whether managers should apply shareholder theory or stakeholder theory is opens for debate. Some theorists believe that maximize shareholder profit is the highest objective of firm. However, there are many articles and academic journals assert that stakeholder theory is the modern management methods. Personally, each position has its own reasons. In the following assignment, I would like to analyze these options and present my view about two theories. Before we argue about two theories, it is helpful to get some definitions of shareholder, stakeholder and to consider what theories say about. The Businessdictionary.com defines shareholder as Individual, group, or organization that holds one or more shares in a firm, and in whose name the share certificate is issued. It is legal for a firm to have only one shareholder. Also it called stockholder. Also follow this website, stakeholder is a person, group, or organization that has direct or indirect stake in an organization because it can affect or be affected by the organizations actions, objectives, and policies. Key stakeholders in a business organization include creditors, customers, directors, employees, government (and its agencies), owners (shareholders), suppliers, unions, and the community from which the business draws its resources. Mentioned about the Shareholder Theory, Milton Friedman who got the Nobel winning economist asserts that managers should only focus to maximize the firms shareholders value. He stated, There is one and only one social responsibility of business to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ engages in open and free competition, without deception or fraud(Friedman, 1962). Nearly, according to H. Jeff Smith (2003), shareholder theory indicates that shareholder advances capital to a companys managers, who are supposed to spend corporate funds only in ways that have been authorized by the shareholders. According to the Stakeholder Theory, the focus of theory is connecting in two core questions (Freeman, 1994). First, it mentioned about the purpose of the firm, the vital purpose of the company is to serve and coordinate the interests of not only shareholders but also its various stakeholders. Second, stakeholder theory asks, what responsibility does management have to stakeholder? The managers are represented of all stakeholders and have two responsibilities: to protect the ethical rights of stakeholders and to consider the legitimate interests of the stakeholders as they make decisions. They have to balance between the maximization of profit and the long-term ability of the corporation growth. The fundamental difference is that the stakeholder theory requires that the stakeholders interests be balanced even it reduces firm profitability. There are always many arguments around two theories about social responsibility, and one of the most important causes is that both of theories are misunderstood in several ways. From the shareholder theory, some people hold the opinion that managers try to do anything you can to make a profit, even though the shareholder theory compels managers to increase profit only through legal, non-decretive means (Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom). Also, the shareholder theory is criticized because of gearing toward to maximize the short-term profit at the expense of the long operate. However, the shareholder theorists often refer to the corporations management look at the shareholders interest to take a long-term orientation. Besides that, they also claimed that the shareholder theory prevent using corporate funds to donate some project or invest in improved employee environment. In fact, the shareholder theory supports the employee efforts such as those initiatives because it increases indire ctly the shareholders wealth. Similarly, the first misunderstanding of stakeholder theory is that it is claimed the theory does not demand that a firm focus on profitability. However, the highest objective of stakeholder theory is balancing the interests of all stakeholders, including shareholders, whose interests are usually addressed by profit. Second, there are many stakeholder theory description provide no formula for examine the stakeholders interests; some of the theories provide no guidance in this regard. Agree with stakeholder theory, in 2003, Waxenberger and Spence illustrated that stakeholder theory has become an important tool help to translate the business ethics to management practice and strategy. Similarly, there is an increasing interrelation between the corporate responsibility and business ethics (Valor, 2005; Garriga and Melà ©, 2004). The stakeholder theory has become the grille de lecture as analyzing the companys responsibility (Attarca Jacquot, 2005). In 1976, Michael Jensen and William Meckling explored the principal-agent definition, disputing that managers often fail to maximize profits if shareholders did not invest their time and money to create appropriate encouragement. By contrast, Colin Grant indicates that managers should concentrate obsessively on profitability, and that the ethics should be marginalized (1991). In 2003, McAleer also assert that firms responsibility is only to maximize for shareholders wealth. Silver (2005) seek and offer the promotion and protection of autonomy like an improvement in Friedman framework because Silver said that a manager with his moral obligations would be a bureaucratic machine that automatically decides to make as much money as it can without lying or breaking the law. Sundaram and Inkpen on The corporate objective Revisited (2004) said Governing the corporation requires purposeful activity. All purposeful activity, in turn, requires goals and in the modern company, maximizing shareholders value is the only appropriate goal for managers. The stakeholder theorists have strong interpretations when they mention about shareholders responsibility in some scandals at Enron, ImClone, Global Crossing, Tyco International and WorldCom. It concerns about the business ethics between the independence of accountants who take responsibility for auditing financial statements, and the investor recommendation at Credit Suisse First Boston and Merrill Lynch. Besides the social responsibility, they often argue about the maximizing shareholder profit that is not the long term purpose of corporation. For instant, the fall horse of Stan ONeal, the ex-CEO of Merrill Lynch, often mentions like an expensive lesson in business management. His autocratic management had brought the impressive profits to Merrill Lynch from 2003 to 2007. He optimized profit through minimize the cost by dismissing the employees and closing many inefficient branches. His altitude and autocratic management make the dissatisfaction of employees and cause for the later failure. These scandals not only reveal serious weakness of shareholder theory but also stakeholder theory about the social responsibilities of business because of lacking prohibitions against fraud and deception. According to Thomas L. Carson (2003), there are four important points. Firstly, recent scandals highlight the stakeholder theory is very naÃÆ' ¯ve and unrealistic hopes and expectations for managers. Secondly, recent events do not constitute an objection to the shareholder theory about the firms social responsibilities. Nevertheless, these scandals make evident the implausibility of strong versions of the invisible hand theory. Next, schemes of payment and reward often create perverse incentives for individual to engage in unethical conduct. Finally, both two theories need to add a constraint that prohibits managers from pressuring, enticing, or permitting professionals. In my opinion, I agree with shareholder theory. Firstly, there are some misunderstood that I interpretation above, the managers do not do everything to maximize profit. Comeback to some main business objectives that are achieving a target market share, keeping employee agitation to a minimum, survival, creating an ever-expanding empire, maximization of profit and maximization of long-term shareholder wealth (Glend Arnord, Corporate financial management, fourth edition). Connecting with shareholder theory, the highest objective of firm should not understand maximization of profit, we need to approach with the widen definition the maximization of the shareholder wealth. This definition reflects three key variables directly affect shareholders wealth: timing of cash flows, magnitude of cash flows and the risk of the cash flows that investors expect a firm to generate overtime. Secondly, the shareholder who gives capital or equity for invests or remains the development of corporation. They also obtain many operating risks and financial risks, and if the company is bankrupted, shareholder would be the last person get the return. Therefore, the main firms objective must be maximization of shareholders value in order to compensate for their risks. The next reason is optimization the stockholders value is the same meaning that the corporation has to optimize the productive process, supply chain, delivery and personnel. These actions help corporate structure become effectively and orderly. It differ from do anything you can to make a profit, and in some situations, managers should balance the shareholder wealth maximization with stakeholder interest. A firm cannot maximize value, Jensen (2000) writes, if it ignores the interests of its stakeholders. According to Michael Poster father of competitive theory, the fundamental firms objective is getting the higher ROIC Return On Invested Capital; rest of all is the secondary objective. In conclusion, shareholder wealth maximization is a superior objective over stake holder interests. However, in order to keeping the long-term stable growth, the managers not only focus to maximize the shareholders value, but also balance with stakeholders interests.